Tag: rental property investing

  • Don’t Give Up When Being a Landlord Feels Heavy

    Don’t Give Up When Being a Landlord Feels Heavy

    There comes a time for every rental property investor when the job of being a landlord starts to feel like too much.

    It all starts to feel too heavy.

    You’ll want to quit.

    You’ll convince yourself that it’s much easier to be a passive stock market investor.

    When that moment as a landlord comes for you:

    Don’t quit.

    The long term benefits are too good.

    Remind yourself why you bought a rental property in the first place.

    I know there are tough moments. I’ve been there. Many times.

    In fact, my wife and I had a couple of experiences recently that pushed us close to that point of quitting.

    With the passage of enough time to reflect, I’m happy and proud of us for sticking with it.

    We’re still on track to achieve financial freedom quicker than we ever could have without our rental properties.

    Today, I’ll share a couple of experiences I’ve recently had as a landlord that had me thinking about quitting.

    If you’re a landlord, I’m sure you’ve had moments just like these.

    Here’s a look back at our recent experience leasing out two apartments.

    This past lease renewal season started off looking very strong. We were thrilled that 80% of our tenants signed on for another year.

    That left only 2 apartments to turnover.

    This was great news because vacancy is a rental property investor’s worst nightmare. Every week that an apartment sits empty is money down the drain.

    Vacancy can eat away your entire year’s profits. That’s why we usually offer current tenants the chance to renew at the same rent.

    When you do the math, it almost always works out than continued occupancy beats the prospect of higher rent plus vacancy.

    When you have an empty rental unit, doubt creeps into your mind. You start telling yourself that you’ll never find a new tenant and your place will sit empty forever.

    I know, I know. A bit extreme, right?

    But, I’m telling you. That’s where your mind goes. Any landlord out there knows what I’m talking about.

    So, when 80% of our tenants renewed for another year, we were very happy. We assumed that meant we would have an easy leasing season.

    As it turns out, that was not the case.

    Here’s what happened in each of these two apartments.

    For one apartment, we received an odd request.

    Before these tenants decided to leave, they made an odd request.

    As a side note, this apartment was the unit where my wife and I lived for about five years. We brought two babies home to that apartment.

    It’s located in the first building we ever bought and will always hold sentimental value for us.

    OK, back to the story. This past spring, we actually thought the former tenants would renew for another year. That would have meant 90% of our units would have stay leased for another year, a major win.

    When we first approached these tenants about renewing, they indicated that they wanted to stay. They were great tenants, so we were happy.

    Then came a unique request.

    These tenants were students and wanted to live at home for the summer. They asked if they could keep their stuff in the apartment but not pay rent for July and August since they wouldn’t actually be living there.

    We’ve had all sorts of requests from tenants over the years. Keeping an apartment without paying rent for two months was a new one.

    I understood the request from their perspective. Rent is a major expense. They didn’t need an apartment for the summer. They liked the apartment, but it was hard to justify paying for something they didn’t need.

    The problem from our perspective is not hard to spot. If we agreed to their offer, we would be left with the equivalent of 2 months of vacancy.

    Losing out on 2 months of rent payments is the equivalent of foregoing 17% of the total rent for the year.

    We thought about it. And as tempting as it was to not have to find new tenants, that arrangement was not going to work for us.

    Elephant isolated on white background illustrating that landlord life can feel heavy but a reminder not to quit.
    Photo by Kaffeebart on Unsplash

    Turnover is a chance to make property improvements.

    After they moved out, we took the opportunity to refresh the apartment. We knew this would take some time and result in at least a few weeks of vacancy, but the apartment needed some love.

    So, we replaced the flooring and painted the entire apartment. We did some needed repairs in the bathrooms (i.e. caulk, grout, new shower rod).

    Plus, we made a point to tackle any deferred maintenance throughout the apartment.

    We used a contractor for the work, so our involvement was limited to paying the bills and supervising the projects. Not exactly time intensive, but not exactly cheap either.

    When the work was finished, we lined up a number of showings and had the apartment rented out after a few of weeks of effort.

    In total, the apartment was vacant for 6 weeks.

    What did we learn from this experience?

    On the positive side, we now have a rehabbed apartment and fresh tenants. Plus, the apartment was empty for only 6 weeks instead of 8 weeks.

    On the negative side, it was stressful to get the apartment fixed up and re-leased.

    To state the obvious, it’s not fun spending money to fix up an apartment without a signed lease in place. Every week that goes by, money is going out without any money coming in.

    During that phase, you can’t help but doubt yourself as a landlord.

    Did we make the wrong choice?

    Should we have let the former tenants stay, even if that meant automatically sacrificing two months of rent?

    If we had gone that route, we would not have spent any money this year turning over the unit.

    We also would have had a less stressful leasing season. We would have saved a lot of time and mental energy if we didn’t have to worry about this unit.

    On the other hand, the apartment would still have needed a facelift as soon as it was empty. At some point, we were going to have to do the rehab. Now, that project is behind us.

    We also have great new tenants who seem more likely to stay for an extra year or two.

    In the end, I’m happy with the decision we made. That doesn’t mean it was right or wrong, but we made it through a unique challenge.

    I’m good with that.

    a man standing in a field with his back to the camera as evidence that sometimes it's better to split up with tenants that aren't working out.
    Photo by SAJAD FI on Unsplash

    The second learning experience involved letting our tenants out of their lease after two months.

    In our other vacant unit this past spring, the former tenants bought a condo so needed to move out. They had lived there for two years and were wonderful tenants.

    This unit was located in a different building from the one we just discussed. The building is in a terrific location and the units are in great shape.

    We’ve never had any trouble finding tenants. This year was no different.

    After three showings and very little effort, we happily signed a lease with new tenants. As a bonus, the former tenants had moved out early, so we were able to fill this unit with zero days of vacancy.

    All was well… until it was not.

    Let’s just say that after about six weeks, it was apparent that the relationship with our new tenants was not working out. The tenants were not bad people, but it was clear that we could not meet their expectations.

    Instead of living through a difficult year with these tenants, we offered them the chance to break their lease, without penalty. They accepted our offer and moved out two weeks later.

    We all remained civil and amicably split up. The tenants left the apartment in good shape and we all avoided unwanted confrontation.

    We re-listed the apartment and found a wonderful new tenant after one showing.

    In the end, we lost out on three weeks of rent between leases but now have a very happy new tenant.

    Upon reflection, I’m confident this was the right decision for all parties involved.

    The tenants could find a place more to their liking, and we could start over with a new tenant.

    So, what’s the takeaway from our experiences with these units?

    As a landlord, you are running a business. It won’t always be easy.

    You have to make business decisions, even when there’s no clear right answer.

    Sometimes that means foregoing profit and dealing with confrontation.

    In each of these instances, I’m happy with how things worked out. In the first instance, I sacrificed some of my profit this year to improve my asset.

    For the second apartment, it was clear that the relationship was not working. Even though we lost some money in the process, all parties involved should now be happier.

    These are tradeoffs I would readily make again.

    Even with stress like this, I’m not ready to give up on being a landlord.

    Compared to my day job as a lawyer, this is nothing.

    Should you become a landlord?

    The truth is my wife and I know so many people who have owned rental properties but did not like being landlords. There’s nothing wrong with that. It’s not for everyone.

    If you’ve been in, or are currently in a similar boat, I hope these experiences resonate with you.

    In the end, as stressful as it can be to run a business, this is also what makes being a landlord fun.

    What do I mean, fun?

    When you are a landlord, you are a business owner. You get to make the final decision. It’s your business and you are in control.

    Having that autonomy is a nice change of pace for most W-2 employees.

    Still, you may be faced with tough decisions. You may not know what to do in the moment. It’s helpful in those moments to have people to talk to so you can make the best decision possible.

    I happen to like being a business owner. However, it’s not for everyone.

    If just thinking about making decisions like these stresses you out, I would not recommend that you become a landlord.

    If you can handle the job, you can benefit immensely.

    Landlords- have you been in situations like this before? How did you handle the stress of the job?

    Let us know in the comments below.

  • How to Use Two Simple Metrics to Compare Investments

    How to Use Two Simple Metrics to Compare Investments

    If you had $200,000 saved up, should you invest in the stock market or in a rental property?

    In our previous post, we explored why you may want to consider investing in both the stock market and in rental properties.

    However, without the proper tools at your disposal, the choice between investing in stocks or investing in real estate can be tricky.

    Fortunately, there are a couple of quick and easy ways to analyze the strength of a rental property as compared to investing in the stock market.

    Today, we’ll dive into two metrics that investors use to quickly compare investments across asset classes. The two metrics are known as:

    1. Cash-on-Cash Return on Investment (CoCROI)
    2. Return on Investment (ROI)

    With just these two metrics, you’ll be able to quickly compare the returns of a potential rental property to the typical returns of the stock market.

    You can also quickly compare two different rental properties.

    Then, you can decide what’s the best investment for your personal situation.

    One note before we begin:

    Don’t worry if math is not your thing. There are plenty of online calculators like this one that will do all this math for you.

    The key is to understand what the math is telling you. That way you’ll know what to do with the information that the online calculators pump out.

    So, before you go running off to one of the online calculators, stick around and see how the math works and what it all means.

    Now, let’s think about your options with that $200,000 you’re sitting on.

    The S&P 500 historically earns 10% annually.

    Before looking at our two real estate metrics, let’s establish a baseline comparison with the stock market.

    The S&P 500 has historically earned an average annual return of 10%.

    By investing in an index fund that tracks the S&P 500, like I do in my 401(k), I have a pretty good chance of earning consistent returns in the long run.

    Sure, there may be ups and downs. And, there are no guarantees the S&P 500 will continue performing at 10%.

    But, check this out:

    Since 1996, the S&P 500 has ended the year in positive territory 23 times and negative territory only 7 times.

    In other words, the S&P 500 has generated positive returns three times more frequently than it generates negative returns.

    And even with those 7 negative years, with the exception of 2000-2002, the S&P 500 returned to positive territory the following year.

    What this all means is that while the S&P 500 will drop occasionally, the down periods are historically short-lived.

    Because of this historical consistency, I feel comfortable using 10% as a baseline to compare other investments with.

    Note that predictable returns does not mean guaranteed returns.

    There are no guarantees in the stock market or with any other asset class.

    To recap: the S&P 500 has historically provided an average annual return of 10%.

    While not guaranteed to continue in the future, 10% average annual returns represents a safe projection for our calculations.

    That means we can use 10% as a baseline investment return to compare other potential investments to.

    With this baseline in mind, we can now move to our two real estate metrics.

    a calculator and a pen on top of paper to show you how to use CoCROI and ROI to evaluate different investments.
    Photo by Aaron Lefler on Unsplash

    Calculate your Cash Flow.

    The first step in evaluating any real estate deal is to calculate the expected cash flow.

    For a detailed explanation on how to analyze real estate deals and calculate cash flow, check out my post here.

    To keep in simple, cash Flow is whatever money you have left over after paying all expenses. Think of it as your monthly profit.

    Today, we’ll use an example of a hypothetical property that is listed for $1,000,000.

    Here’s a quick snapshot of how you might calculate the cash flow on this property:

    Asking Price: $1,000,000

    Monthly Rent: $9,000

    Mortgage Payment (Principal and Interest)$4,500
    Taxes$900
    Insurance$300
    Utility Bills$300
    Property Upkeep$200
    Preventative Maintenance$200
    Vacancy Rate (5%)$300
    Unexpected Repairs (5%)$300
    Property Improvements (5%)$300
    Total Monthly Cost$7,300

    $1,700 = $9,000 – $7,300

    This hypothetical property has a monthly cash flow of $1,700.

    That means it has annual cash flow of $20,400, a number that we’ll need for our next calculation.

    So, is this property a good deal?

    That brings us to our first metric, Cash-on-Cash Return on Investment.

    What is Cash-on-Cash Return on Investment (CoCROI)?

    Cash-on-Cash Return on Investment (CoCROI) measures how much cash flow a property earns in one year relative to how much money was initially invested.

    The formula looks like this:

    With this simple metric, we can compare the return of a potential rental property to the returns of any other investment, like an S&P 500 index fund.

    Then, we’ll have some useful information to decide if this is a good deal.

    Keep in mind that CoCROI does not factor in appreciation, debt pay-down, or tax benefits. That analysis comes with our next metric.

    To continue our example above, we know the annual cash flow on this property is $20,400.

    Let’s assume our down payment is 20% of the purchase price, or $200,000.

    In addition to the down payment, we paid $10,000 in closing costs and invested another $5,000 to clean up the property before renting it out.

    In total, our initial investment is $215,000.

    Let’s plug those numbers into the CoCROI equation:

    The CoCROI on this property is .095 or 9.5%.

    Does a 9.5% CoCROI automatically mean this is a bad deal?

    Back to the important question: is an initial investment of $215,000 to earn $20,400 in annual cash flow a good idea?

    What does the math tell us?

    We now know that the return on this property in the first year falls just short of the S&P 500’s 10% annual return.

    Does a 9.5% CoCROI automatically mean this is a bad deal?

    Not at all.

    The answer will depend on what your preferences and goals are as an investor.

    Keep in mind that CoCROI is a projection tool designed to measure the expected return on this rental property in just the first year.

    Because of all of the variables at play, use CoCROI to help you compare investments. But, don’t make your investment choices based solely on the CoCROI.

    Also keep in mind that CoCROI is a quick and easy way to compare the initial investment on one rental property to another rental property.

    If you’re evaluating a lot of properties, you can quickly see which ones give you the best initial return on your money.

    To recap, CoCROI is a great way to quickly compare the returns on different investments in the first year.

    However, what if we wanted to evaluate the long-term investment potential on a property?

    For example, what if we plan to hold a property for 10 years?

    By holding a property for 10 years, we’ll ideally profit through appreciation and debt pay-down, not just through cash flow.

    Let’s learn how to factor in those profits by calculating our overall Return on Investment (ROI).

    Data reporting dashboard on a laptop screen to show you how to use CoCROI and ROI to evaluate different investments.
    Photo by Stephen Dawson on Unsplash

    What is Return on Investment (ROI)?

    Return on Investment (ROI) factors in cash flow, appreciation, and debt pay-down. It also factors in the sales expenses associated with selling a property after a defined holding period.

    Put it all together and ROI is a great way to project the overall returns on an investment over time.

    The ROI formula looks like this:

    Let’s continue our example to calculate the ROI on this property over a 10-year period.

    The first step in calculating ROI is to total up the cash flow.

    We already know that this property will earn $20,400 in annual cash flow.

    Over 10 years, that means we will earn $204,000 in total cash flow.

    Remember, cash flow is only part of our total profits.

    Next, we need to calculate the equity we will earn through appreciation and debt pay-down on this property.

    Next, figure out the expected appreciation and debt pay-down.

    To calculate the rest of our total profits, let’s start with some basic assumptions.

    First, let’s assume that this property will appreciate at 3% annually.

    Using an online calculator like this one, we learn that our property will be worth $1,343,916 in 10 years.

    In other words, since we bought the property for $1,000,000, we have earned $343,916 in appreciation over those 10 years.

    Next, we need to calculate how much our loan balance has decreased over those 10 years. This is known as loan amortization.

    Recall that our initial loan was for $800,000 because the property cost $1,000,000 and we put 20% down.

    Again, we can use a simple amortization calculator like this one to do the math for us.

    Assuming a 6.5% interest rate and a 30-year loan, we will have $678,209 remaining on our balance after 10 years.

    Since our loan balance started at $800,000, this means that we have earned $121,791 in debt pay-down over those 10 years.

    By adding the appreciation and debt pay-down together, we learn that our total equity in this property after 10 years is $465,707.

    If we add up our total cash flow, appreciation, and debt pay-down, we see that our total income on this property is $669,707.

    Don’t forget to factor in the costs of selling the property.

    When we sell this property, we will incur some costs that we don’t want to ignore in our analysis.

    Let’s assume that we will pay 6% to real estate agents, 2% in closing costs, and another $15,000 to fix up the property before selling.

    In total, that adds up to $107,513 in costs associated with selling this property.

    When we subtract the sales expenses from our total income, we see that our total profits on this property after 10 years are $562,194.

    Now that we know our total profits, we can calculate the ROI.

    How to Calculate ROI.

    We now have all of the pieces we need to calculate the ROI on this property.

    As we added up above, our total cash flow, appreciation, and debt pay-down, combine for a total income on this property of $669,707.

    When we subtract the sales expenses from our total income, we see that our total profits on this property after 10 years are $562,194.

    We also saw above that we made a total investment of $215,000 (our down payment plus closing costs) to acquire this property.

    Now, we can plug this information into the ROI formula.

    ROI or Total Return: 26.1%

    In the end, this property generates a total annual return of 26.1%.

    So, what should you do with your $200,000?

    Is this property a good deal?

    Would you be better off investing in an S&P 500 index fund and earning 10%?

    Using CoCROI and ROI can help you make that decision.

    As an investor, you may be thrilled with a 9.5% CoCROI or 26.1% ROI.

    On the other hand, you may not be interested in doing the work and taking on the risk involved with owning that rental property.

    Remember, we are making projections based on a number of variables. Nobody can predict exactly how an investment will perform.

    In the end, only you can answer this question based on your personal preferences.

    The point in doing the math is to provide additional data points so you can make the best decision possible.

    There’s no right or wrong answer.

  • How to Think About Investing in Both RE and the Stock Market

    How to Think About Investing in Both RE and the Stock Market

    Let’s say that you have $200,000 that you want to invest.

    Up to this point, all of your investments are in the stock market, mostly through tax-advantaged retirement accounts like a 401(k).

    However, you’ve recently started thinking about buying your first rental property.

    You have an important question to sort through:

    Should you buy your first rental property or just keep investing in the stock market?

    This is a common dilemma for all real estate investors, not just people thinking about buying their first rental property. Personally, I’ve been thinking about this question quite a bit lately.

    The way I see it?

    Why not do both?

    Why not build your overall investment portfolio to include both stocks and at least one rental property?

    Today, we’ll explore why you may want to invest in the stock market and own rental properties.

    If you’ve been on the fence about buying your first rental property, this post will help you think about why it may be a good idea.

    Real estate is my favorite asset class.

    It’s no secret that real estate is my favorite asset class. Without my four rental properties, my journey to financial freedom would look much different.

    I’m confident that real estate will remain a powerful asset class moving forward.

    That’s because no matter how much the world changes with AI, quantum computing or any other new technology, I know one thing will always be true:

    People will always need a place to live.

    At this point in my life, I know that I’ll never become a brilliant coder or software engineer solving the world’s hardest problems.

    But, I can provide the geniuses a place to live.

    That’s why I’m comfortable with the majority of my net worth being in real estate right now.

    By investing in rental properties, I can make money in four different ways:

    1. Rental property cash flow is king.

    With cash flow, you can cover your immediate life expenses. For anybody hoping to reach financial freedom, it is essential to have income to pay for your present day life expenses. 

    For my money, cash flow from rental properties is the best way to pay for those immediate expenses.

    If your present day expenses are already covered, you can use your cash flow to fund additional investments. 

    That might mean buying another rental property or investing in another asset class, like stocks.

    2. Long-term wealth through appreciation.

    Appreciation simply refers to the gradual increase in a property’s value over time. 

    While cash flow can provide for my immediate expenses, appreciation is all about the long-term benefits.

    Like investing in stocks over the long run, real estate tends to go up in value. The key is to hold a property long enough to benefit from that appreciation.

    To benefit from appreciation, all I really need to do is make my monthly mortgage payments, keep my property in decent condition, and let the market do the rest.

    3. With rental properties, other people pay off my debt.

    When I buy a rental property, I take out a mortgage and agree to pay the bank each month until that mortgage is paid off. At all times, I remain responsible for paying back that debt.

    However, I do not pay that debt back with my own money. 

    Instead, I rent out the property to tenants. I do my best to provide my tenants with a nice place to live in exchange for monthly rent payments.

    I then use those rent payments to pay back the loan.

    As my loan balance shrinks, my equity in the property increases. Equity is just another way of saying ownership interest.

    When my equity in a property increases, my net worth increases. 

    4. Real estate investors earn massive taxes benefits.

    When you earn rental income, you must report this income on your tax return. Rental income is treated the same as ordinary income.

    However, the major difference between rental income and W-2 income is that there are a number of completely legal ways to deduct certain expenses from your rental income.

    Common rental property expenses may include mortgage interest, property tax, operating expenses, depreciation, and repairs. We’ll touch on a few of these deductions below.

    With all of these available deductions, the end result is that most savvy real estate investors pay little, or nothing, in taxes on their rental income each year.

    Yes, you read that right.

    I’ll say it again, just to be clear:

    Most savvy real estate investors legally pay nothing in taxes on their rental income each year.

    Even though I love owning rental properties, I still invest in the stock market.

    While there are certainly real estate investors out there who are 100% committed to real estate, I’m not one of them.

    Even with my passion for rental property investing, I have a significant portion of my net worth in the stock market.

    For one reason, I enjoy having some totally passive income streams. Compared to being a landlord, there is essentially zero work involved in being a passive stock investor.

    For another reason, I see the value in having multiple, diverse streams of income to help protect me against life’s uncertainties.

    Plus, like many of you, my investing journey began with my employer-sponsored 401(k) plan.

    401(k) investing is easy and relatively straightforward. With automatic contributions from my paychecks, I don’t even need to think about funding my account.

    As a W-2 employee since 2009, without even thinking about it, I’ve invested regularly in the stock market and enjoyed the benefits of compound interest.

    As my career progressed and my family grew, I added investment accounts to my portfolio.

    Besides my 401(k), my favorite investment accounts include a Roth IRA, 529 college savings accounts for my three kids, and a Health Savings Account.

    In conjunction with my rental properties, I view each of these different investments as part of my overall strategy to reach financial independence.

    Combined, I refer to these different investment and income streams as Parachute Money.

    Reach for the sky. Sometimes normal is too boring. invest in both real estate and the stock market for a safe landing with Parachute Money.
    Photo by Vlad Hilitanu on Unsplash

    What is Parachute Money?

    Parachute Money is one of my favorite concepts in all of personal finance.

    Pretend your life is like flying on an airplane.

    For whatever reason, you decide you need to get off this airplane. You decide to take control and make a change. You’re ready to jump.

    All you need is a parachute.

    You have a choice between the only two parachutes on the plane.

    The first parachute has only one string (or line) connecting the canopy to the harness . You think to yourself, “This doesn’t seem very safe. What if that one string breaks? That would end very badly for me.”

    Then, you look at the second parachute.

    The second parachute has 10 strings. You say to yourself, “OK, this one looks much safer. If one string breaks, the parachute still has nine other strings to keep me safe. Even if something goes wrong with one or two strings, I would glide safely to the ground.”

    It’s obvious which one of these parachutes to choose, right?

    Why is having Parachute Money important?

    The central idea of Parachute Money is to create multiple sources of income so you are not beholden to any one source.

    Picture each source of income as a string on your parachute. The more strings on the parachute, the stronger it is.

    With Parachute Money, if one of your sources of income dries up, you are more than covered with your other sources.

    Likewise, the more sources of income you have, the stronger your personal finances are.

    Parachute Money includes your primary job, any side hustles, any income generating assets, and your emergency savings account. It also includes the income of your significant other, if you share finances.

    The key to Parachute Money: protect yourself with as many investment and income sources as you can.

    That’s why I own stocks and own rental properties.

    Should I buy a rental property or stick with the stock market?

    Lately, I’ve been asking myself this very same question, “Should I look into buying a fifth rental property? Or, should I invest that money in the stock market?”

    There are certainly lifestyle considerations that go into this question beyond just the strength of the investment on paper.

    For example, owning rental properties means taking on a job. On the other hand, investing in the stock market is mostly passive.

    If you’re not ready for the job of being a landlord, then you should stick with investing in stocks.

    Setting lifestyle considerations aside, we all have limited dollars available to invest. And, we work hard for those dollars.

    When we choose to put those hard-earned dollars to work for us, we want to make sure we’re getting a good return on our investment.

    It’s hard enough deciding where to invest your money once you’ve decided on the asset class. Take real estate, for example.

    Even if you know you want to buy a rental property in a specific area, there might be hundreds of potential properties available.

    Picking the right property is not easy and requires some careful analysis.

    How much more difficult does the decision become when you’re not even sure if you should invest in real estate or invest in the stock market?

    That decision can start to feel overwhelming.

    The perfect landing with a parachute indicating the importance of having parachute money through real estate and the stock market.
    Photo by Ali Kazal on Unsplash

    Deciding between various asset classes can feel overwhelming.

    With so many investment choices out there, it can be difficult to choose where to invest your money. That’s why it’s useful to have a way to compare one type of asset class to another.

    Then, you can consider investment opportunities in different assets classes and make informed choices on where to invest.

    Fortunately, we can use two simple metrics to help with this analysis:

    1. Cash on Cash Return on Investment (CoCROI)
    2. Return on Investment (ROI)

    Real estate investors have long used these two metrics to decide if a potential property is a good deal compared to investing in the stock market.

    In our next post, we’ll take a close look at each of these metrics. We’ll learn how each of these metrics can help you compare a rental property investment to typical stock market returns.

    Don’t worry if math is not your favorite thing.

    These two numbers are easy to calculate with an online calculator. The key is to make sure you understand the underlying principles and variables that go into the calculations.

    Are you comfortable investing in rental properties and the stock market?

    I like to invest in rental properties and the stock market to protect myself from economic and life uncertainties.

    I don’t want to be all-in on only one asset class.

    So, I view my rental properties and my stock investments as parachute strings working together to protect me should my airplane start going down.

    Because I’m comfortable investing in both rental properties and the stock market, I need a way to help choose between options across those asset classes.

    In our next post, we’ll learn how to do just that.

    Do you invest in the stock market and in rental properties?

    Which asset class did you invest in first?

    Is part of your reasoning for investing in both asset classes to add layers of protection to your overall finances?

    Let us know in the comments below.

  • Shrink Your Magic Retirement Number With One Rental Property

    Shrink Your Magic Retirement Number With One Rental Property

    “Wait- how much do I need to save for retirement!?”

    Have you ever felt that way after learning how much money you think you need to retire?

    I’ve certainly felt that way in the past.

    The prospect of saving millions of dollars in order to retire can seem impossible, especially when you’re just starting out.

    You may have even wondered, “How do people even come up with these retirement numbers?”

    The most common answer to that question is the “4% Rule.”

    Using the 4% Rule, you can calculate your magic retirement number and determine how much money you need to save for retirement to maintain your current lifestyle.

    The 4% Rule suggests that you can safely withdraw 4% of your investments in year one of retirement. Then, you can safely withdraw 4% plus an adjustment for inflation in subsequent years. 

    If you do so, you can expect your money to last for 30 years.

    Today, we’ll take it one step further.

    Let’s explore how owning even a single rental property can further reduce the amount you need to save for retirement.

    The results may shock you- in a good way.

    How to use the 4% Rule to forecast your magic retirement number.

    First, let’s look at an example using the 4% Rule to forecast your magic retirement number.

    In some fun news, Bill Bengen, creator of the 4% Rule, just released a new book showing that it’s safe to increase your withdrawal rate in retirement from 4% to 4.7%.

    Bengen’s new book is called A Richer Retirement: Supercharging the 4% Rule to Spend More and Enjoy More.

    If you’re at all interested in FIPE (Financial Independence Pivot Early), Bengen’s book is a must read.

    Bengen’s research is significant because it means you can safely retire with even less money. That’s because the higher your safe withdrawal rate, the less you need squirreled away to maintain your lifestyle.

    In light of Bengen’s updated research, we’ll use 4.7% as our safe withdrawal rate.

    Let’s say that your lifestyle costs you $10,000 per month, or $120,000 per year.

    To figure out how much you would need in investments to cover your current lifestyle for 30 years, divide $120,000 by .047.

    Based on the updated 4.7% Rule, you need $2.55 million to maintain your current lifestyle in retirement.

    By the way, under the original 4% Rule, you would need $3 million in investments ($120,000 / .04 = $3,000,000.00).

    See why people are excited about the updated 4.7% Rule?

    Does saving $2.55 million for retirement seem like an impossible task?

    Saving $2.55 million for retirement may seem like an impossible task.

    If that’s your initial reaction, be sure to check out my ongoing series on investing. We cover everything you need to know to start investing with confidence.

    You may be surprised to learn that If you start investing early and often, reaching $2.55 million is actually not that hard.

    Even so, there’s another way to massively shrink your magic retirement number: owning rental properties.

    Why would anyone want to own rental properties?

    There are four main reasons why I invest in rental properties: 

    1. Monthly cash flow
    2. Appreciation
    3. Debt pay-down
    4. Massive tax benefits

    When these benefits combine, real estate investors can generate significant wealth over the long run.

    decorative lights under a tree at night showing how one rental property can shrink your magic retirement number.
    Photo by Jay on Unsplash

    Before we look at an example of how owning rental properties shrinks your magic retirement number, here’s a quick breakdown of each of the four main benefits. 

    For a more detailed description of each benefit, you can read my series on investing in real estate here.

    1. Rental property cash flow is king.

    With cash flow, you can cover your immediate life expenses. For anybody hoping to reach financial freedom, it is essential to have income to pay for your present day life expenses. 

    For my money, cash flow from rental properties is the best way to pay for those immediate expenses.

    If your present day expenses are already covered, you can use your cash flow to fund additional investments. 

    That might mean buying another rental property or investing in another asset class, like stocks.

    2. Long-term wealth through appreciation.

    Appreciation simply refers to the gradual increase in a property’s value over time. 

    While cash flow can provide for my immediate expenses, appreciation is all about the long-term benefits.

    Like investing in stocks over the long run, real estate tends to go up in value. The key is to hold a property long enough to benefit from that appreciation.

    To benefit from appreciation, all I really need to do is make my monthly mortgage payments, keep my property in decent condition, and let the market do the rest.

    3. With rental properties, other people pay off my debt.

    When I buy a rental property, I take out a mortgage and agree to pay the bank each month until that mortgage is paid off. At all times, I remain responsible for paying back that debt.

    However, I do not pay that debt back with my own money. 

    Instead, I rent out the property to tenants. I do my best to provide my tenants with a nice place to live in exchange for monthly rent payments.

    I then use those rent payments to pay back the loan.

    As my loan balance shrinks, my equity in the property increases. Equity is just another way of saying ownership interest.

    When my equity in a property increases, my net worth increases. 

    4. Real estate investors earn massive taxes benefits.

    When you earn rental income, you must report this income on your tax return. Rental income is treated the same as ordinary income.

    However, the major difference between rental income and W-2 income is that there are a number of completely legal ways to deduct certain expenses from your rental income.

    Common rental property expenses may include mortgage interest, property tax, operating expenses, depreciation, and repairs. We’ll touch on a few of these deductions below.

    With all of these available deductions, the end result is that most savvy real estate investors pay little, or nothing, in taxes on their rental income each year.

    Yes, you read that right.

    I’ll say it again, just to be clear:

    Most savvy real estate investors legally pay nothing in taxes on their rental income each year.

    With these benefits in mind, let’s see what happens when we add a single rental property to your portfolio.

    How owning a single rental property lowers your magic retirement number.

    Let’s continue our example from above where your current lifestyle costs $120,000 per year. We learned that means your magic retirement number is $2.55 million based on the 4.7% Rule.

    Now, let’s add a single rental property into the mix.

    Let’s assume that you own a rental property that cash flows $2,000 per month. That’s a total of $24,000 per year.

    Remember, your cash flow is the profit remaining after paying your mortgage, taxes, insurance, and any other costs.

    To learn how to properly run the numbers on a potential rental property, click here.

    With $24,000 per year generated by your rental property, you don’t need your investment portfolio to fund your entire $120,000 lifestyle.

    Instead, your investments only need to generate $96,000 per year ($120,000 – $24,000 =$96,000).

    So, let’s plug $96,000 into our magic retirement number formula:

    By adding a single rental property to your portfolio, you’ve lowered your magic retirement number by half a million dollars!

    You now only need $2.04 million to maintain your current lifestyle in retirement.

    Macro X-ray of some mushrooms with false coloring showing how to shrink your magic retirement number with one rental property.
    Photo by Mathew Schwartz on Unsplash

    What happens to your magic retirement number if you pay off your mortgage?

    This example shows how your magic retirement number drastically shrinks with the addition of just a single rental property.

    Keep in mind that in this example, we assumed that you have a mortgage on your rental property. That mortgage obviously reduces your cash flow.

    But, what if you paid off that mortgage before you retired?

    Let’s finish our example by assuming that you have a 30-year fixed rate mortgage and your payment is $3,500 per month. And, you make it a goal to pay off that mortgage before you retire.

    Once the mortgage is paid off, you can add that $3,500 to your monthly cash flow.

    That increases your monthly cash flow on this property from $2,000 to $5,500. Annually, that’s $66,000 in cash flow.

    Continuing our example, you now only need your investment portfolio to generate $54,000 per year ($120,000 – $66,000 =$54,000).

    Look what happens when we plug $54,000 into our magic retirement number formula:

    By paying off the mortgage on this single property, you’ve now reduced your magic retirement number by $1.4 million dollars!

    You now only need $1.15 million to fund your current lifestyle in retirement.

    Have you considered adding a rental property to your overall investment portfolio?

    The point of this post is to show you how owning even a single rental property can reduce your magic retirement number.

    Think about what would happen if you owned two rental properties. Or, what about three rental properties?

    If you can handle the job of being a landlord- which I’m betting is easier than your job as a lawyer or consultant or doctor- owning rental properties is a great way to accelerate your journey to financial freedom.

    After seeing the math, you may want to consider adding a rental property (or two) to your overall investment portfolio.

    Are you intimidated by the thought of saving enough for retirement?

    Have you done the math with the 4.7% Rule to see how much you really need?

    Have you considered adding a rental property to your portfolio to shrink you magic retirement number?

    Let us know in the comments below.

  • How to Analyze a Property When the Initial Math Looks Bad

    How to Analyze a Property When the Initial Math Looks Bad

    Most rental properties that you evaluate are not going to immediately look like great investments.

    Does that mean you should just give up?

    No way.

    It’s up to us as real estate investors to research, negotiate and buy properties only at the right prices. Or, to buy properties that have untapped potential.

    Ideally, we can do both.

    The other day, we ran the numbers on an example property in Chicago that had caught my eye in.

    Through that example, we learned what costs to include in our initial analysis to quickly determine if a property was worth pursuing further.

    Today, we’ll look at the next step of the evaluation process.

    Specifically, we’ll focus on what we can do when the initial math on a potential property doesn’t look very attractive.

    Now, let’s get to it.

    Our example property is a small multifamily building in Chicago.

    Our example property is a five-unit apartment building listed for $1,800,000 and located directly in my target zone in Chicago.

    Remember, this analysis is for educational purposes only. You are responsible for running your own numbers on any potential deal.

    Here’s the listing description from my preferred listing site, Redfin:

    Fully Gut Renovated 5-unit building, a prime turnkey investment opportunity in the best Logan Square Location Possible. Double Vanities, Fully built out walk in closets, in unit W/D, tankless hot water heaters, thin shaker kitchens and full height quartz backsplashes are just a few of the features that make this building feel more like condo living. Perfectly situated just steps from the Logan Square Farmers’ Market, residents can enjoy an eclectic mix of trendy bars, restaurants, cafes, and shops right at their doorstep. Renovation done with full plans and permits, include a new roof, windows, insulation, drain tile system with sump pump, back deck, and still warrantied appliances!

    This property passed my initial screening, so we ran the numbers to see if it would be a good investment.

    Here’s what the initial numbers looked like:

    Asking Price: $1,800,000

    Monthly Rent: $13,840

    Mortgage Payment (Principal and Interest)$8,982
    Taxes$1,429
    Insurance$400
    Utility Bills$350
    Property Upkeep$200
    Preventative Maintenance$200
    Vacancy Rate (5%)$692
    Unexpected Repairs (5%)$692
    Property Improvements (5%)$692
    Total Monthly Cost$13,637

    Monthly Cash Flow (Rent – Costs): $203

    It took me less than five minutes to do this initial evaluation. 

    A few notes on the above numbers:

    • For the mortgage payment, I estimated a 25% downpayment, which is common for investment property loans, and a 7% interest rate.
    • Taxes are a major cost that can make or break any deal. Make sure you are familiar with how taxes are assessed in your market. For example, in Chicago, property taxes are reassessed every three years. That means taxes go up every three years. 
    • Many property listings will indicate the prior year’s taxes because they are lower. This particular listing has the prior year’s taxes, which I know are soon going to change for the worse. For now, I’ll run the numbers with the current taxes but would definitely account for higher taxes before moving forward with this deal.
    • Property insurance is a real wildcard these days. Insurance costs are going up everywhere. You’ll need to talk to a good insurance broker for an accurate estimate. I used my experience in the neighborhood with similar properties to make a reasonable estimate.

    The initial math on this property did not look great.

    In the end, I concluded that this is a beautiful property in a great location but would not be a good investment for me.

    The reason is simple: I invest for cash flow. For me, this property is way too expensive for only a couple hundred dollars of monthly cash flow.

    More specifically, I am not interested in shelling out a down payment of $450,000 (not to mention more for closing costs) to earn $2,400/year in cash flow.

    At a price point of $1.8 million, I would only be interested if this property had a monthly cash flow of at least $4,000 per month.

    For another investor, it’s possible that this would still be a good investment based on appreciation and debt pay-down. For me, that’s a big risk I’m not willing to take with that kind of money.

    So, what now?

    Is that the end of the analysis?

    Cross this property off the list and move on?

    Not even close.

    This is when the fun starts.

    person using laptop to evaluate a rental property using real numbers.
    Photo by Kaitlyn Baker on Unsplash

    What to do if you don’t like the results of your initial evaluation.

    Most of the time that you evaluate properties you won’t love the initial results.

    You should expect that to be the case.

    Think about it from the seller’s perspective. Ask yourself: why is the seller putting this property on the market?

    Obviously, the seller is trying to make a profit. Maybe the seller is a developer or flipper who just completed an expensive rehab. He might even have investors who paid for the project that now expect to be paid back, at a profit.

    The seller wouldn’t be doing is job if he didn’t try to find a buyer at a high asking price. He can always lower the price later on.

    Also, you can think of it another way.

    If a seller owns a wonderful property that is making tons of money every month, how motivated is he to actually sell?

    He may list the property at a high price just to see if anyone will bite.

    In our example, if the seller was cash flowing $4,000/mo, he’d probably just keep it.

    And, if he had that kind of cash flow coming in, he may just list it at an astronomical price because he doesn’t really need to sell it.

    Sure, there are exceptions. Some sellers don’t want to be landlords and others might just want to cash out. But, I don’t see very many of these situations.

    When these situations do pop up, you need to act fast because other investors will take notice.

    The point is these are just a few reasons why you will rarely find great investment properties based on your initial evaluation.

    Don’t give up.

    Your job is to figure out if a property has untapped potential that would make it a good investment.

    Now, let’s return to our example to see what I mean.

    Is the property overpriced?

    The listing price is only the start of the negotiation.

    The listing price may just be too high. In recent years, the listing price has oftentimes been too low, leading to bidding wars because of high demand and limited supply.

    Your job is to find a price that works for your cash flow needs. The seller may not accept your price, and that’s OK. You may need to move on.

    Let’s explore putting a price on our example property where it would be attractive for me.

    Keep in mind that I would want a monthly cash flow of $4,000 to move forward on this property.

    With that target in mind, I can return to the online calculator on Redfin to see at what price this property might make sense for me.

    Playing around with the calculator, I learned that I would need the price to drop to $1,100,000 to get around $4,000 in monthly cash flow (holding all other costs constant).

    That’s about a 40% price reduction.

    Do you think the seller would go for that?

    Not a chance.

    Depending on your market, sellers may be willing to negotiate the price. But, if you come in too low, they won’t take you seriously.

    If I were to move forward with this property, I would need to find ways to improve the math besides just the price. Still, I might be able to get it for below the asking price.

    For our example, let’s assume the seller would agree to knock 10% off the purchase price.

    Here’s what the numbers look like at 10% reduced purchase price.

    Offer Price: $1,620,000

    Mortgage Payment (Principal and Interest)$8,083
    Taxes$1,429
    Insurance$400
    Utility Bills$350
    Property Upkeep$200
    Preventative Maintenance$200
    Vacancy Rate (5%)$692
    Unexpected Repairs (5%)$692
    Property Improvements (5%)$692
    Total Monthly Cost$12,738

    With monthly rents of $13,840, that means this property is now cash flowing $1,002/mo.

    We’re heading in the right direction, but I think we can do better.

    Besides negotiating the purchase price, what if we can shop around and improve our mortgage?

    Start with the purchase price but see if you can further to reduce the overall cost.

    For example, can you shop around for a better mortgage?

    Let’s assume you can find a loan with a 6.75% interest rate instead of 7%.

    With a 6.75% interest rate, your mortgage payment drops from $8,083 to $7,880.

    Now, your cash flow increases to $1,211/mo.

    You can start to see how this part of the analysis works.

    The point is to reduce the costs of owning this property to improve your cash flow.

    What other ways can you reduce the costs?

    You should go through this process with each cost associated with the property.

    Maybe you can find insurance for less than $400/mo.

    Or, maybe you are willing and able to handle more of the maintenance responsibilities yourself.

    The idea is that each time you reduce your monthly costs, your cash flow goes up.

    If you can reduce the costs enough, a property may start looking appealing to you.

    two people meeting with laptops as they run the numbers together for a potential deal.
    Photo by charlesdeluvio on Unsplash

    On top of reducing the costs, can you can earn more income from this property?

    At the same time you look to reduce the costs, you should look to see if you can earn more income from a property.

    In other words, can you earn more rent per month than the current rate?

    This is where you’ll need to study the neighborhood to see what similar apartments are renting for. Your broker should be able to help you with this.

    In our example, let’s assume that you do your research and determine that the apartments are under-rented.

    In fact, you learn that each of the 5 apartments could earn $200 more per month.

    Adding that additional $1,000 per month brings our total cash flow to $2,211/mo.

    Now, this property is starting to look more enticing.

    You might be surprised how many sellers under-rent their properties.

    Over the years, my wife and I have been successful in finding properties that have been severely under-rented by the previous owners.

    We don’t renovate properties ourselves because we are busy professionals with full-time jobs and a family. We try to find properties that have bee nicely rehabbed but are currently under-rented.

    You may be surprised to learn that a property flipper doesn’t always know the local market as well as you. It could be that he is just in a hurry to get a property rented out so he can sell it and move on to the next job.

    If you become an expert on market rents in your local area, you can be the one who benefits.

    A few years ago, my wife and I purchased a three-flat in our local area. It was about a half-mile from where we lived at the time and was on our regular walking route. We took an interest in the rehab and followed its progression closely.

    When the property was completed, I saw the rental listings online. It was a beautiful property in a great location. I was shocked when I saw the units were listed for only $1,700/mo.

    This was my local area and I knew these units could easily go for $2,500/mo, if not more.

    When the property hit the market a few months later, we pounced and had it under contract the next day.

    When the original tenants chose to move out at the end of their leases, we quickly found new tenants happy to pay $3,100/mo.

    Sometimes sellers just don’t know what they have.

    Don’t fool yourself into thinking a property is a great investment by unrealistically changing the numbers.

    After reading this post, you can hopefully start to see how to run the numbers to make a potential property more attractive.

    In our example, we tweaked the purchase price, mortgage rate, and rental income to improve the cash flow enough to make this deal potentially attractive.

    After going through an analysis like this, you may be ready to make an offer. Just don’t get your hopes up too high.

    Sellers won’t always negotiate.

    Properties won’t always be under-rented.

    Many of your offers will end up getting rejected.

    Don’t quit.

    There will always be another property out there.

    If you can’t get a property with numbers that work for you, it’s time to move on to the next one.

    No matter how much you love a property, don’t fool yourself into thinking it’s a great investment if it’s not.

    Readers, have you made offers on properties that you knew were undervalued? Did you successfully cash flow on a deal that did not look great on paper at first?

    Let us know in the comments below.

  • How to Easily Evaluate a Rental Property with Real Numbers

    How to Easily Evaluate a Rental Property with Real Numbers

    For beginners, running the numbers on a potential real estate deal can seem complicated. 

    It doesn’t have to be.

    If you’ve been practicing good budgeting habits with your personal finances, this part should actually be easy. 

    The key is simple: more needs to come in than goes out.

    When you have more coming in than going out, that means you have positive cash flow.

    For lawyers and professionals acquiring rental properties to accelerate our journeys to financial freedom, we don’t need to overcomplicate things.

    What we need to know is whether a property is going to put more money in our pockets than it takes out.

    Today, we’ll look at a real example of how I quickly and easily evaluate potential deals in my primary market.

    If you haven’t already, check out my previous post on evaluating real estate deals for a detailed explanation on why I focus on the below elements.

    As a quick refresher, let’s first look at the fixed costs and speculative costs involved in evaluating rental properties.

    There are fixed costs and speculative costs involved in evaluating a rental property.

    Whenever you evaluate a rental property, there are some fixed costs and some speculative costs involved. This holds true whether you are a beginner or an experienced investor.

    It’s helpful to differentiate between the fixed costs and the speculative costs. In a lot of ways, we can control the fixed costs, but we cannot control the speculative costs.

    Fixed costs generally include reoccurring monthly bills that are relatively constant.

    The main fixed costs you’ll want to know when evaluating a rental property include:

    • Mortgage payment (Principal and Interest)
    • Taxes
    • Insurance
    • Utility Bills
    • Property Upkeep
    • Preventive Maintenance

    Speculative costs include those unpredictable, irregular costs that do not occur every month and maybe don’t even occur every year. 

    I separate the speculative costs into three main categories:

    • Vacancy Rate
    • Unexpected Repairs
    • Property Improvements

    Vacancy rate refers to the percentage of available units that are unoccupied at a particular time. When running the numbers on a prospective rental property, I recommend adding in the cost of 5% vacancy.

    When you own rental properties, things are going to break and require money to fix. If you target properties in decent condition, I recommend saving 5% of the monthly rent for unexpected maintenance. 

    If you don’t improve your property over time, you risk your unit becoming unattractive. Again, if you target decent properties to begin with, I recommend saving another 5% per month for property improvements. 

    With these costs in mind, we can now quickly and effectively run the numbers on any available property.

    Let’s take a look at a property that recently became available in my target market of Chicago.

    I regularly check available properties in my target area in Chicago.

    I have a searched saved on the Redfin app for multifamily properties within a certain price range in my target areas of Chicago.

    That makes it easy to scroll through the listings a few times every week to keep myself educated on my local market.

    I do this for a few reasons, regardless of whether I’m actively shopping for a property.

    white ceramic sink near brown wooden table indicating a nice rental property but do the numbers check out.
    Photo by Huy Nguyen on Unsplash

    First, I want to know what new properties come on the market. I’m interested to see if developers and rehabbers are still drawn to my area.

    I also check to see how much properties have sold for recently so I can stay on top of market conditions. For example, I’m curious if sellers are accepting below-asking-price offers and how long properties are staying on the market.

    I’m also looking to see if there have been any price reductions on properties that previously caught my eye.

    All of this simple research helps me move quickly when an attractive property becomes available.

    This research has also helped me develop a list of basic requirements I look for in a rental property.

    Before running the numbers, a property has to match my initial requirements.

    Before I run the numbers on any property, it has to satisfy some basic requirements. This is not an exhaustive list, but here are some of the most important factors my wife and I evaluate when considering rental properties in Chicago:

    1. Location, location, location. In Chicago, proximity to the L and social life (coffee shops, restaurants, bars, etc.) are crucial. Most of the young professionals we rent to are still in the “going out” phase of life. They want to live in fun neighborhoods so they can enjoy themselves when they’re not working. They typically stay in our apartments for 2-3 years, oftentimes before buying a place of their own and “settling down.”
    2. Taxes. Property taxes can eat away your cash flow. We have high property taxes in Chicago across the board, but taxes vary widely from neighborhood to neighborhood. I look for properties in areas that have more attractive taxes.
    3. Big bedrooms. One of the most common questions I get when I do apartment showings is, “Can I fit a king size bed in here?” People love big beds these days. This can be a challenge considering Chicago’s standard 25-foot wide lot. I look for properties with a minimum bedroom size of 10 x 10.
    4. Outdoor space. Young professionals want to have outdoor space, even if they never use it. When I was a renter, I always wanted an apartment with a balcony for my grill. It didn’t matter to me that I only used it a handful of times each year. Maybe having outdoor space made me feel more grown up?
    5. Parking. Even though Chicago is a very public transit-friendly city, people still like having cars. Because most young professionals aren’t using their cars every day, they want to keep it safe in a dedicated parking space.

    If a property becomes available that meets these requirements, I’ll then run the numbers.

    Only after confirming that a potential property meets these requirements do I actually run the numbers.

    There’s no reason to waste time on a property that may project well in a spreadsheet but will cause me nothing but headaches as a landlord.

    The other day, a new property popped up that caught my eye: 2501 N. Sacramento Ave.

    It’s a five-unit apartment building listed for $1,800,000 and located directly in my target zone.

    Here’s the listing description from Redfin:

    Fully Gut Renovated 5-unit building, a prime turnkey investment opportunity in the best Logan Square Location Possible. Double Vanities, Fully built out walk in closets, in unit W/D, tankless hot water heaters, thin shaker kitchens and full height quartz backsplashes are just a few of the features that make this building feel more like condo living. Perfectly situated just steps from the Logan Square Farmers’ Market, residents can enjoy an eclectic mix of trendy bars, restaurants, cafes, and shops right at their doorstep. Renovation done with full plans and permits, include a new roof, windows, insulation, drain tile system with sump pump, back deck, and still warrantied appliances!

    It’s not always the case, but in this instance, the pictures seemingly match the description of a beautifully renovated property. Of course, we can confirm the quality of the work when we tour the property.

    So, this property passed my initial screening. Now, I can run the numbers to see if it would be a good investment.

    By the way, I target gut-renovated properties because I have a full-time job as a lawyer and don’t have the time to dedicate to a major renovation project.

    Let’s plug in the numbers to see if this would potentially be a good investment property.

    Just because a property looks nice and is in a great location does not mean it’s a great investment. As investors, it’s our job to make sure the numbers work out so more money comes in than goes out.

    Using the cost categories above, we can pull most of the information we need directly from the listing.

    For example, Redfin (like most sites) provides a useful payment calculator where you can adjust the downpayment, interest rate, taxes, etc. for any property based on your personal situation.

    Home office vibes perfect for running the numbers on a rental property.
    Photo by Paul Calescu on Unsplash

    Here are some tips before you get started:

    • It’s a good idea to talk to your mortgage broker ahead of time to learn what mortgage rate you will likely qualify for and what downpayment you’ll need.
    • Remember, this is an initial evaluation. Before you make your final decision on a property, you’ll need to confirm these numbers with your real estate team during the due diligence period.
    • Try to be conservative with your projections. When you otherwise like a property, the temptation is real to modify the numbers so it looks better on paper.
    • You’ll notice listing agents may try to enhance a property’s value by suggesting “potential rent” or “market rent” instead of the actual rent. Don’t fall into this trap and end up with a nice-looking property that makes no money.

    OK, let’s look at the numbers on this property for educational purposes only. You are responsible for running your own numbers on any potential deal.

    2501 N Sacramento Asking Price: $1,800,000

    Monthly Rent: $13,840

    Mortgage Payment (Principal and Interest)$8,982
    Taxes$1,429
    Insurance$400
    Utility Bills$350
    Property Upkeep$200
    Preventative Maintenance$200
    Vacancy Rate (5%)$692
    Unexpected Repairs (5%)$692
    Property Improvements (5%)$692
    Total Monthly Cost$13,637

    Monthly Cash Flow (Rent – Costs): $203

    It took me less than five minutes to do this initial evaluation.

    I can see that based on these numbers, the monthly cash flow is $203. We’ll talk about what that means in a moment.

    A few notes on the above numbers:

    • For the mortgage payment, I estimated a 25% downpayment, which is common for investment property loans, and a 7% interest rate.
    • Taxes are a major cost that can make or break any deal. Make sure you are familiar with how taxes are assessed in your market. For example, in Chicago, property taxes are reassessed every three years. That means taxes go up every three years.
    • Many property listings will indicate the prior year’s taxes because they are lower. This particular listing has the prior year’s taxes, which I know are soon going to change for the worse. For now, I’ll run the numbers with the current taxes but would definitely account for higher taxes before moving forward with this deal.
    • Property insurance is a real wildcard these days. Insurance costs are going up everywhere. You’ll need to talk to a good insurance broker for an accurate estimate. I used my experience in the neighborhood with similar properties to make a reasonable estimate.

    So, what have I learned from running the numbers on this property?

    First, this is a beautiful property in a great location. If I made my decision based only on the pictures and the location, this would be a winner.

    Unfortunately, the numbers tell a different story.

    This property would not be a good investment for me. I invest for cash flow. For me, this property is way too expensive for only a couple hundred dollars of monthly cash flow.

    At a price point of $1.8 million, I would only be interested if this property had a monthly cash flow of at least $4,000 per month.

    Now, your preferences and goals may be different. Maybe you’re more focused on the other benefits of investing in real estate, like appreciation and debt pay-down. In that case, you may view this deal differently.

    So, is that it?

    Cross this property off the list and move on for good?

    Not necessarily.

    In our next post, we’ll explore ways to make this property a more attractive investment.

    We’ll take a look at how the numbers change if we can successfully negotiate the purchase price, find a better loan option, and improve the monthly rent.

    Real estate investors: let us know what you think of this property as a potential investment.

    Would you be interested in moving forward at these numbers?

  • Running the Numbers on RE Deals Should be Easy

    Running the Numbers on RE Deals Should be Easy

    For beginners, running the numbers on a potential real estate deal can seem complicated.

    It doesn’t have to be.

    If you’ve been practicing good budgeting habits with your personal finances, this part should actually be easy.

    The key is simple: more needs to come in than goes out.

    When you have more coming in than going out, that means you have positive cash flow.

    Today, we’ll discuss what information you need to forecast positive cash flow. My goal is to make this part of the process as simple as possible.

    I’ve read full books dedicated to evaluating the numbers on real estate deals. If you want to take a deep dive, I recommend Real Estate by the Numbers: A Complete Reference Guide to Deal Analysis by J. Scott and Dave Meyer.

    But, the truth is that most of us lawyers and professionals targeting rental properties as a supplemental income stream don’t need that kind of depth.

    Sure, if you’re targeting large multifamily properties or hoping to make rental property investing a full-time pursuit, you’ll absolutely want to pick up a book like Real Estate by the Numbers: A Complete Reference Guide to Deal Analysis.

    For the rest of us acquiring rental properties to accelerate our journeys to financial freedom, we don’t need to overcomplicate things.

    What we need to know is whether a property is going to put more money in our pockets than it takes out.

    In other words, we want to buy assets, not liabilities. When we’re tracking our net worth each month, we want to see that a rental property is helping.

    So, the question is: how do I know if I’m buying an asset and not a liability?

    Let’s take a look.

    There are fixed costs and speculative costs involved in evaluating a rental property.

    Whenever you evaluate a rental property, there are some fixed costs and some speculative costs involved. This holds true whether you are a beginner or an experienced investor.

    Fixed costs generally include reoccurring monthly bills that are relatively constant.

    Speculative costs include those unpredictable, irregular costs that do not occur every month and maybe not even occur every year.

    It’s helpful to differentiate between the fixed costs and the speculative costs. In a lot of ways, we can control the fixed costs, but we cannot control the speculative costs.

    Regardless, we need to account for both in our deal analysis.

    Here are examples of fixed costs when evaluating a rental property.

    The clearest example of a fixed cost is your mortgage payment. If you take out a 30-year fixed-rate loan, you’ll know exactly what your monthly mortgage payment will be for the next 360 months.

    You’re required to pay that amount each month, that’s why it’s a fixed cost. Easy enough.

    I also include insurance costs and property taxes in my fixed costs. These are fixed costs, at least for 12 months at a time, that you are required to pay each month.

    You’ll oftentimes see the acronym PITI to reflect the above basic elements of a mortgage payment:

    • Principal
    • Interest
    • Taxes
    • Insurance

    It’s safe to also include utility bills, like water, trash, and common electricity, in your fixed costs since there shouldn’t be much variation month-to-month in these expenses.

    The same goes for landscaping, snow removal, and pest control. I refer to these fixed costs as property upkeep.

    The final category of fixed costs includes preventative maintenance, like regular HVAC tune-ups.

    black computer keyboard number pad indicating how easy it is to run the numbers on real estate deals.
    Photo by Aykut Eke on Unsplash

    Yes, it’s true that the cost of insurance, taxes, utilities and other bills will go up over time. But, you usually don’t see dramatic increases in these fixed costs year over year. At least, in ordinary times. Plus, rents also go up, which offset the higher costs.

    To recap, the fixed costs you’ll want to know when evaluating a rental property include:

    • Mortgage payment (Principal and Interest)
    • Taxes
    • Insurance
    • Utility Bills
    • Property upkeep
    • Preventive maintenance

    If your goal is monthly cash flow, there’s no excuse for ignoring any of these fixed costs when evaluating a rental property.

    Here are examples of speculative costs when evaluating a rental property.

    Speculative costs are, by definition, harder to forecast. Even for experienced investors, the best we can do is guess at what these costs will be.

    I separate the speculative costs into three main categories:

    • Vacancy Rate
    • Unexpected Repairs
    • Property Improvements

    What is vacancy rate?

    Vacancy rate refers to the percentage of available units that are unoccupied at a particular time. Obviously, vacancy is bad for rental property investors because we are not collecting rent from the unoccupied units.

    To calculate your vacancy rate, simply divide the amount of weeks (or days or months, if you prefer) in a year by the amount of weeks (or days or months) your rental unit was unoccupied.

    Then, multiply that number by 100 to see your vacancy rate as a percentage.

    If you have multiple rental units, add your units together to get your total vacancy rate, like I show you below.

    For example, I have 10 rental units in Chicago. This past spring, we had eight lease renewals and two leases end.

    We filled one of the two units without a single day of vacancy. The other unit resulted in six weeks of vacancy so we could tackle some needed repairs. More on that below.

    This means that I had 6 weeks of vacancy spread over 10 rental units. To calculate my vacancy rate, I can take 520 (10 rental units x 52 weeks in a year) and divide that by 6 weeks:

    Now, what do we do with this information?

    This is where the guesswork comes in. That’s because there’s no guarantee that next year I will have a vacancy rate of only 1.2%. In some years, we have 5 or 6 units to turnover. We may have 24 weeks of total vacancy instead of 6 weeks.

    The best I can do is speculate what my vacancy rate will be moving forward.

    I wish I could tell you that a 1.2% vacancy rate is a good forecast. In reality, predicting 5% vacancy is a better idea. That allows for about 3 weeks to turnover a vacant unit, reasonable estimates in decent markets.

    So, when running the numbers on a prospective rental property, be sure to add in the cost of 5% vacancy.

    As an example, if a potential property brings in $6,000/mo in rent, subtract $300/mo to account for 5% vacancy.

    What are unexpected repairs?

    Remember the leaky toilet?

    When you own rental properties, things are going to break and require money to fix.

    Predicting how much money you’ll need for these unexpected repairs depends on a variety of factors.

    If you are handy and don’t have to pay a plumber to fix the leaky toilet, you’ll save money on these kinds of repairs.

    Likewise, if you have a new construction property instead of a 100-year-old property, you’ll likely need to do less repairs.

    The bottom line is you’ll have to make educated guesses how much you’ll need to save for these kinds of repairs.

    This is actually one of the main reasons I recommend beginner investors don’t quit their day jobs. It’s a powerful advantage to have income coming in from your primary job to help cover any major, unexpected expenses.

    If you target properties in decent condition, I recommend saving 5% of the monthly rent for unexpected maintenance. With our prior example of $6,000/mo in rent, you should deduct another $300/mo for unexpected repairs.

    You shouldn’t need to use that 5% every month, so that balance should build up until you need it.

    What are property improvements?

    I mentioned above that we took 6 weeks to improve one of our vacant units. The floors were in rough shape and the apartment needed a full paint job.

    By the way, these are two relatively easy jobs that can add a lot of value to a property.

    Since we were in great shape with our other units all being occupied, the timing was right to spend a bit of money and lose out on a bit of rent.

    In the end, we spent about $5,000 and have brand new floors and a nice looking apartment. We didn’t have to spend that money, but we risk our units becoming unattractive if we don’t keep them fresh.

    white and red love print box with numbers indicating it's not too hard to run the numbers for beginner real estate deals.
    Photo by Elena Mozhvilo on Unsplash

    How should you account for this type of property upkeep?

    Again, if you target decent properties to begin with, I recommend saving another 5% per month for property improvements. That’s another $300/mo subtracted in our deal analysis based on $6,000/mo in rental income.

    Too many beginner real estate investors skip these speculative costs in their deal analysis.

    It’s tempting to ignore these speculative costs when you otherwise like a rental property. You might see monthly rents of $6,000/mo and fixed costs of $5,000 and convince yourself that this is a great deal.

    By ignoring the speculative costs, you’ve ignored the additional $900 for vacancy, unexpected repairs, and property upkeep that this property will cost you.

    Those extra costs might make this property unattractive.

    You can easily find most of the information you need to run the numbers online.

    It has never been easier to access the key numbers you need to know when evaluating a rental property.

    Sites like Redfin and Zillow typically have all the information you’ll need for your initial evaluation.

    One of the most useful features of these sites is the mortgage payment estimator. You can quickly see whether the PITI payment is going to exceed the amount of rent you can reasonably expect.

    Because of high interest rates and high property costs, most deal analysis I’m doing today ends right there.

    Of course, if the PITI payment is too high, you can play around with the asking price to see at what cost the property might be worth pursuing. Just don’t forget to take into account the other costs discussed above.

    Note: above, I specifically wrote “initial evaluation.”

    Before closing on a property, you’ll want to confirm the numbers in the property listing are accurate and not being exaggerated.

    For example, you’ll want to get verification from the seller on the actual monthly rent. As part of the due diligence process, sellers are required to turn over the current leases.

    Sometimes you’ll see listings where the rent is listed as “maximum monthly rent” or “potential rent.” That means the seller is suggesting the apartment could rent for that much, but there is no lease in place for that amount.

    I’m always skeptical of listings like this. If it was so easy to obtain the maximum monthly rent, why didn’t the seller get leases for that amount? If they did, they could surely expect a higher sales price.

    Always confer with your real estate broker on what the rents are in your market. And don’t forget, a five-star real estate broker should be able and willing to teach you how to run these numbers.

    Likewise, you’ll also want to verify with your mortgage broker exactly what your monthly payment will be based on current rates and your qualifications. The same goes for verifying what your actual insurance costs will be.

    Did you notice that I did not include a cost for property management in the above?

    If you are pursuing your first rental property or have a small portfolio, I recommend you self-manage.

    Most importantly, you need to learn how to be a landlord.

    There’s no better training than first-hand experience. If you do end up hiring a property manager someday, you need to know how to “manage the property manager.”

    There’s another good reason why beginner investors should self-manage.

    Unfortunately, it’s hard to find good property managers who are willing to work with small investors. It’s a near certainty that your property manager will not care about your property as much as you do.

    Plus, because of the cost involved, a property manager will likely suck up most of your monthly cash flow.

    While it varies by market, in major cities you can expect a property manager to charge between 8% and 10% of the monthly rent. It’s hard to cash flow with that kind of drag on your profits.

    If your portfolio grows or your circumstances change to the point where you can no longer self-manage, be sure to factor in this major cost to your deal analysis.

    Buying a rental property does not require an advanced degree in math.

    If you’ve been reluctant to buy your first rental property because of that math involved, hopefully you now see that it doesn’t have to be that complicated.

    You need to account for certain fixed costs and predict some speculative costs.

    There are countless online calculators to help with the math. You can also use a basic spreadsheet.

    Plus, your real estate team can help you with running the numbers.

    In an upcoming post, we’ll run through some examples of how I run the numbers on potential rental properties.

    Experienced real estate investors: what did I miss?

    Beginner investors: what else would you like to know about running the number?

    Let us know in the comments below.

  • Stop Fearing Toilets with a Good Handyman on Your RE Team

    Stop Fearing Toilets with a Good Handyman on Your RE Team

    “You really want to be a landlord? You don’t want to fix leaky toilets at 2 a.m.!”

    If you decide to invest in rental properties, this is one of the first comments you’ll hear from the haters.

    Mind you, these haters who are so scared of the imaginary leaky toilet are not landlords. I’ll go a step further and would wager that none of them have ever even seen a leaky toilet before.

    Instead, they probably heard a story one time and decided that being a landlord was too hard.

    The sad part is that they have shut themselves out from one of the best asset classes (and my personal favorite) for achieving financial freedom.

    The other comment you’ll regularly hear?

    “I can’t be a landlord. I’m not handy.”

    Guess what?

    I’m not very handy either. And, I have 11 rental units in two different states.

    The truth is that you do not need to be handy to be a landlord.

    In reality, you don’t need to be handy to be a landlord.

    And, you definitely don’t need to fear the 2 a.m. leaky toilet.

    Oh, this is not to say that things aren’t going to break and need attention at the most inconvenient time.

    Every landlord has those stories. I’ve certainly had my fair share.

    One example seems on point.

    A few years ago, my family and I were living in one of our rental apartments.

    One evening before leaving for vacation the next day, we were sitting around when my sister-in-law pointed at the ceiling and exclaimed, “What is that!?”

    Well, “that” was a huge, previously undiscovered, water spot in my ceiling.

    Turns out the toilet in the unit upstairs was leaking. (See, on point.)

    The water gradually spread into the wood floors of the upstairs unit and the ceiling of my unit. It also dripped all the way down the plumbing stack to the lower level carpet in the bedroom where my two little kids slept.

    What did I do about this catastrophe?

    I called my handyman and got on a plane the next morning.

    By the time we returned, the wood floors, ceiling, and carpet had all been repaired and there was no sign of damage.

    When you have a good handyman on your real estate team, you don’t have to worry about things like this.

    One of the biggest myths of being a landlord is that you need to be handy.

    Have you noticed that we’ve been talking about investing in real estate for a couple of months now and I haven’t once mentioned leaky toilets or the need to be handy?

    That’s because there are so many other parts of being a landlord that are more important than your skills with a hammer.

    To name just a few more important skills: running the numbers on potential deals, selecting good tenants, keeping good records, dealing with tenant complaints, and paying the bills on-time.

    Plus, for most of us lawyers and professionals who want to own rental properties, we have other time commitments. Even if we have the skills or enjoy doing repairs ourselves, it still makes sense to hire a professional.

    That’s why every good rental property investor has a good handyman on his team.

    Before we talk about what to look for in a handyman, let’s take a look back at the other key members of your real estate team.

    Your Spouse is the Most Important Person on Your RE Team

    The most important person on your real estate team is your spouse. Make sure you each understand the financial, time, and emotional commitments involved.

    Owning rental properties should not be a solo adventure. The entire experience is better when you have someone to share it with.

    Isn’t that true for most things in life?

    If you’re considering your first rental property, don’t fool yourself into thinking you’ll be earning passive income.

    Before you buy a rental property, I encourage you to talk to your spouse first. Make sure you both are on the same page. 

    No, you do not have to have an equal division of labor. 

    Yes, you each have to commit to the good and the bad that comes along with owning rental properties.

    If you both can make that commitment, you have the best shot at owning your properties for a long time and reaching that ultimate goal: financial freedom.

    a pile of white toilet paper indicating that being afraid of toilets as a landlord is silly.
    Photo by Colourblind Kevin on Unsplash

    Build Out Your RE Team Starting with a Five-Star Broker

    Once you and your spouse are on the same page, it’s time to start building out the rest of your real estate team.

    Start building your real estate team by finding a great broker. Your broker is like a five-star hotel concierge who can make your entire experience so much better.

    During your search for a great rental property, a good broker will:

    • Educate you about the market you’re investing in.
    • Send you properties that match your goals.
    • Tour properties with you to help identify any red flags.
    • Negotiate on your behalf to ensure you get the best possible price.
    • Connect you with other key members of your team.
    • Steer you away from making poor choices.

    But, you don’t just want a good broker. You want to work with the best brokers as a rental property investor.

    The best brokers will do all of things for you during the acquisition process. But, that’s just the beginning.

    The best brokers are in it for the long run and will help you navigate challenges as they pop up. That might mean helping with marketing and showing your property.

    More importantly, that means continuing to give you advice and tutelage as you learn to be a landlord.

    How to Evaluate a Great Mortgage Broker for your RE Team

    With a five-star real estate broker on your team, it’s time to find a great mortgage broker.

    A great mortgage broker is like a tour guide who is the local expert and knows the ins-and-outs of the neighborhood. She has an intimate knowledge of the local food scene based on years of experience. 

    She’ll show you the hidden gems and recommend what to order at each restaurant based on your personal preferences. She can educate you as to what’s in certain dishes and why you may like to try them.

    She’ll also steer you away from the tourist traps and prevent you from going to the wrong places to ensure you have the best experience possible.

    Recommendations? Education? Preventing mistakes?

    Love all those things.

    And, this is exactly what a good mortgage broker will do for you.

    A good mortgage broker will:

    • Recommend the best loan for your goals.
    • Stop you from borrowing more than you really can afford.
    • Help get your loan approved. 
    • Explain the numbers.
    • Not let you refinance until the time is right. 

    Take your time finding a good mortgage broker. It’s important to work with someone who does more than just promise the best rates and terms.

    With your spouse, a five-star real estate broker, and a great mortgage broker on your team, it’s now time to fill out the rest of the key positions.

    Be Sure to Have an Experienced Accountant on your RE Team

    I invest in real estate for the massive tax benefits

    In fact, the massive tax benefits are one of the four main reasons why I invest in real estate. The other three reasons are cash flowappreciation, and debt pay-down.

    I’ve previously written about how I earn rental income and legally pay close to nothing in income tax on my rentals each year.

    How is that possible? Am I some type of tax wizard?

    Of course not.

    But, I do have a tax wizard on my real estate team. 

    OK, more accurately, I have a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) on my real estate team.

    Your accountant is so integral to your financial success that he is the next person you need to have on your real estate team.

    The federal government has long encouraged investment in real estate. People need places to live, work, and socialize. The government long ago decided to reward investors who take on the risk of providing these opportunities.

    These incentives come largely in the form of tax benefits.

    The challenge for real estate investors is to actually take advantage of all these tax incentives.

    That’s where your accountant comes in. 

    Because I work with an accountant, I don’t have to be a tax expert. I just have to know enough to have intelligent conversations and make decisions when the time comes.

    My accountant makes sure I get all the tax benefits for owning rental properties.

    man standing in front of a miter saw reflecting the next most important people on your real estate team are your accountant, lawyer, insurance advisor, and handyman or general contractor.
    Photo by Annie Gray on Unsplash

    What to look for in a good handyman.

    Here are some of the things I look for:

    1. A handyman who responds to my messages promptly.

    The last thing you want is a handyman who is flakey. When something needs fixing, you need someone who answers your call or messages you back right away.

    Most repairs are not urgent, meaning your handyman does not need to drop everything right away to tend to the issue.

    But, it’s important that you let your tenant know that you’re on it and someone will be around in short order to address the problem.

    2. A handyman who Is not too big for a small job.

    It’s much easier to find a handyman to do a full kitchen renovation than to replace just the kitchen sink. Obviously, the bigger the job, the more money to be earned.

    As a landlord, you need someone who can handle the small jobs. These come up more frequently than the bigger projects and are often necessary to keep tenants happy.

    We recently had a tenant message us that the kitchen sink was leaking. My handyman got over there the same day and fixed the leak for $80.

    This is the type of guy you need on your team.

    3. A handyman who makes a good impression with the tenants.

    Your handyman will inevitably have to interact with your tenants. You want someone who makes a good impression. That means someone who is professional, courteous, and respectful of the tenant’s space.

    It is also very helpful if your handyman can explain to the tenant what the repair involves and what to do if there are still any issues.

    4. A handyman who does not run up the bill.

    Handymen tend to charge by the hour because they don’t usually know the extent of the repair until they begin working.

    While there’s nothing wrong with charging by the hour, you can imagine how someone untrustworthy might take advantage of this billing arrangement.

    With more experience as a landlord, you will start to have the same type of repairs come up regularly. Based on that experience, you’ll know when a handyman is running up the bill on you.

    5. A handyman who comes recommended from other landlords.

    Like anything else in life, a good recommendation goes a long way. It is always a good idea to work with someone who people you trust can vouch for.

    The trust factor works both ways, too. If your handyman knows that you are reputable and come recommended, he is more likely to take your calls and go into business with you.

    6. A handyman who has worked on rental properties.

    When we first started shopping for a rental property, our real estate broker taught us about “condo quality” vs. “rental quality.”

    Condo quality is nicer, more expensive, and tends to be for people buying a home for themselves.

    Rental quality is more affordable and comes with the expectation that things will break and need to be replaced.

    When it comes to a handyman, you want some who understands the difference. It makes no sense to overpay for quality that you just don’t need in a rental unit.

    This has nothing to do with the skill of the handyman, just the wherewithal to make “rental quality” repairs in rental units.

    How many would-be rental property investors have been scared off by the imaginary leaky toilet?

    If you have been reluctant to become a landlord because of the hypothetical leaky toilet, hopefully this post has given you something to think about.

    Being a successful landlord has nothing to do with being handy.

    Don’t let your fears about potential repairs stop you from exploring this powerful asset class.

    If you’re a landlord, what is your best “leaky toilet” story?

    Was it enough to give up on being a landlord?

    Let us know in the comments below.

  • Be Sure to Have an Experienced Accountant on your RE Team

    Be Sure to Have an Experienced Accountant on your RE Team

    I invest in real estate for the massive tax benefits.

    In fact, the massive tax benefits are one of the four main reasons why I invest in real estate. The other three reasons are cash flow, appreciation, and debt pay-down.

    I’ve previously written about how I earn rental income and legally pay close to nothing in income tax on my rentals each year.

    How is that possible? Am I some type of tax wizard?

    Of course not.

    But, I do have a tax wizard on my real estate team.

    OK, more accurately, I have a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) on my real estate team.

    Your accountant is so integral to your financial success that he is the next person you need to have on your real estate team.

    Why is it so important to have an accountant on your team?

    The federal government has long encouraged investment in real estate. People need places to live, work, and socialize. The government long ago decided to reward investors who take on the risk of providing these opportunities.

    These incentives come largely in the form of tax benefits.

    The challenge for real estate investors is to actually take advantage of all these tax incentives.

    That’s where your accountant comes in.

    Because I work with an accountant, I don’t have to be a tax expert. I just have to know enough to have intelligent conversations and make decisions when the time comes.

    My accountant makes sure I get all the tax benefits for owning rental properties.

    Before talking further about accountants, let’s review the first three members that you’ll want to have on your real estate team.

    Your Spouse is the Most Important Person on Your RE Team

    The most important person on your real estate team is your spouse. Make sure you each understand the financial, time, and emotional commitments involved.

    Owning rental properties should not be a solo adventure. The entire experience is better when you have someone to share it with.

    Isn’t that true for most things in life?

    If you’re considering your first rental property, don’t fool yourself into thinking you’ll be earning passive income.

    Before you buy a rental property, I encourage you to talk to your spouse first. Make sure you both are on the same page. 

    No, you do not have to have an equal division of labor. 

    Yes, you each have to commit to the good and the bad that comes along with owning rental properties.

    If you both can make that commitment, you have the best shot at owning your properties for a long time and reaching that ultimate goal: financial freedom.

    Build Out Your RE Team Starting with a Five-Star Broker

    Once you and your spouse are on the same page, it’s time to start building out the rest of your real estate team.

    Start building your real estate team by finding a great broker. Your broker is like a five-star hotel concierge who can make your entire experience so much better.

    During your search for a great rental property, a good broker will:

    • Educate you about the market you’re investing in.
    • Send you properties that match your goals.
    • Tour properties with you to help identify any red flags.
    • Negotiate on your behalf to ensure you get the best possible price.
    • Connect you with other key members of your team.
    • Steer you away from making poor choices.

    But, you don’t just want a good broker. You want to work with the best brokers as a rental property investor.

    The best brokers will do all of things for you during the acquisition process. But, that’s just the beginning.

    The best brokers are in it for the long run and will help you navigate challenges as they pop up. That might mean helping with marketing and showing your property.

    More importantly, that means continuing to give you advice and tutelage as you learn to be a landlord.

    two businessmen having a meeting in the park reflecting the next most important people on your real estate team are your accountant, lawyer, insurance advisor, and handyman or general contractor.
    Photo by Medienstürmer on Unsplash

    How to Evaluate a Great Mortgage Broker for your RE Team

    With a five-star real estate broker on your team, it’s time to find a great mortgage broker.

    A great mortgage broker is like a tour guide who is the local expert and knows the ins-and-outs of the neighborhood. She has an intimate knowledge of the local food scene based on years of experience. 

    She’ll show you the hidden gems and recommend what to order at each restaurant based on your personal preferences. She can educate you as to what’s in certain dishes and why you may like to try them.

    She’ll also steer you away from the tourist traps and prevent you from going to the wrong places to ensure you have the best experience possible.

    Recommendations? Education? Preventing mistakes?

    Love all those things.

    And, this is exactly what a good mortgage broker will do for you.

    A good mortgage broker will:

    • Recommend the best loan for your goals.
    • Stop you from borrowing more than you really can afford.
    • Help get your loan approved. 
    • Explain the numbers.
    • Not let you refinance until the time is right. 

    Take your time finding a good mortgage broker. It’s important to work with someone who does more than just promise the best rates and terms.

    With your spouse, a five-star real estate broker, and a great mortgage broker on your team, it’s now time to fill out the rest of the key positions.

    Seek out an accountant with real estate specific experience.

    I mentioned earlier that the key way the government incentivizes real estate investors is through tax deductions. 

    To accomplish its goal, the government allows real estate investors to deduct certain rental property expenses from their income.

    When you earn rental income, you must report this income on your tax return. Rental income is treated the same as ordinary income.

    However, the major difference between rental income and W-2 income is that there are a number of completely legal ways to deduct certain expenses from your rental income.

    The key is to work with someone who has significant experience specific to rental property investing.

    The truth is there are numerous tactics and strategies that apply to real estate investors that don’t apply to all businesses.

    An accountant who may be ideal for a restaurant owner or law firm might not be a good fit for real estate investors.

    This is not a knock on accountants, either. In this day and age, professionals in all industries tend to specialize in niche areas.

    For example, I am a lawyer who specializes in helping people with mesothelioma. You wouldn’t hire me to represent you in a divorce.

    If you broke your foot, you wouldn’t go see a brain surgeon.

    You get the idea.

    When seeking out an accountant, be sure to work with one who has experience specific to real estate investing.

    How can you tell if an accountant has experience specific to real estate investing?

    When my wife and I were searching for an accountant, it became very clear to us that not all accountants work with real estate investors.

    For instance, most accountants are well-versed in common rental property expenses. These common expenses may include mortgage interest, property tax, operating expenses, depreciation, and repairs.

    We met with plenty of intelligent accountants who understood these basics.

    Brainstorming over paper representing having a good real estate accountant on your team.
    Photo by Scott Graham on Unsplash

    But, we wanted more than just basic help. We wanted help in crafting a long-term strategy for achieving financial freedom through real estate.

    When you start meeting with accountants, ask them how many real estate investors they work with. Ideally, you’ll find an accountant who works with a number of investors similar to you.

    You’ll also want to find an accountant whose style matches yours. Some accountants are more aggressive and some accountants are more conservative.

    For example, say you own a vacation condo that you rent out sometimes and use personally other times. You may get different advice from two accountants on what counts as a rental property deduction for that condo.

    It’s ultimately up to you to find an accountant that matches your style.

    Find an accountant who answers your phone calls.

    Maybe this goes without saying, but you want an accountant who answers the phone when you call. As investors, we never know when an opportunity may pop up that we need timely advice on.

    You might be surprised how many real estate investors don’t have an open line of communication with their accountants. I think it’s a mistake to only consult your accountant after you’ve gone ahead with a decision.

    As one example, a few years ago, I thought about buying an 8-unit apartment building with a number of partners. It seemed like a good way to earn some cash flow with only a small amount of my own money in the deal.

    Before I moved ahead with the deal, I called my accountant. We had a long chat about all the additional complexities involved from a tax perspective.

    He took the time to educate me so I could make a good decision. In the end, I walked away from the deal.

    If I didn’t have a good relationship with my accountant, I might have made a big mistake.

    A good accountant will help you reap the massive tax benefits of investing in real estate.

    As a real estate investor, you don’t have to be an expert in every part of the business.

    There’s no better example than when it comes to taxes.

    Find a good accountant who is willing to educate you and strategize with you. You want more than just someone to prepare your tax returns.

    When you have a good accountant on your real estate team, you’ll move that much faster towards financial freedom.

    What other traits should real estate investors look for in a good accountant?

    Let us know below.

  • How to Evaluate a Great Mortgage Broker for your RE Team

    How to Evaluate a Great Mortgage Broker for your RE Team

    Ever been on a good food tour in a foreign country?

    Stay with me.

    We recently talked about how the most important person on your real estate team is your spouse. Make sure you each understand the financial, time, and emotional commitments involved before you buy your first rental property.

    Once you and your spouse are on the same page, it’s time to start building out the rest of your real estate team.

    Start by finding a great real estate broker. Your real estate broker is like a five-star hotel concierge who can make your entire vacation so much better.

    With a real estate broker on your team, it’s now time to find a great mortgage broker.

    To continue our analogy, if your real estate broker is the hotel concierge, your mortgage broker is a trusted tour guide.

    Have you ever visited a foreign country for the first time and been excited, but a little bit nervous, about what’s in store for you? There’s so much to see and do, but you don’t speak the language and are a bit anxious to venture out on your own.

    Fortunately, you have an expert tour guide lined up to meet you at the hotel and lead you on an memorable adventure.

    Think about how the concierge and tour guide each help you in different ways.

    The concierge does not actually join you for each experience on your vacation. He helps you plan an itinerary and makes the arrangements before setting you on your way.

    He knows his role and leaves it to the specialists, like tour guides, to lead isolated parts of your trip.

    For instance, the concierge may help you book a food tour around London with an experienced tour guide. My wife and I did this years ago and had a wonderful time.

    The tour guide is the local expert who knows the ins-and-outs of the neighborhood. She has an intimate knowledge of the local food scene based on years of experience.

    She’ll show you the hidden gems and recommend what to order at each restaurant based on your personal preferences. She can educate you as to what’s in certain dishes and why you may like to try them.

    She’ll also steer you away from the tourist traps and prevent you from going to the wrong places to ensure you have the best experience possible.

    Recommendations? Education? Preventing mistakes?

    Love all those things.

    And, this is exactly what a good mortgage broker will do for you.

    Why it’s important to have a good mortgage broker on your team.

    Mortgage lending is big business. Just about every person out there needs a mortgage to buy a home or an investment property. As a result, there are a lot of banks and companies out there who want your business.

    To be sure, not all mortgages are created equal.

    And, not all brokers, banks, and lending companies are created equal.

    Your job as an investor is to find a mortgage broker who truly has your best interests in mind.

    That means working with someone who wants what’s best for you and your family, not what’s best for him and his family.

    Plus, because rental property investing is a long-term game, you want someone on your team who’s also in it for the long run.

    What should you look for in a good mortgage broker?

    During your loan process, you will be talking to your mortgage broker a lot.

    Refer back to the tour guide analogy. During the tour, you are essentially dependent on your tour guide. If you’re going to depend on someone, you probably want to like that person.

    The same goes for your broker during the mortgage process. You will be dependent on your broker to make sure your loan gets approved.

    Make sure you find someone that you mesh with.

    Here are some of the qualities you should look for in a good mortgage broker.

    People eating a meal around a table symbolizing the importance of a good mortgage broker.
    Photo by Priscilla Du Preez 🇨🇦 on Unsplash

    A good mortgage broker will:

    Recommend the best loan for your goals.

    There are numerous mortgage options out there. Selecting a mortgage is not a “one-size-fits all” kind of thing. Your broker should be well-versed in all the options and make recommendations based on your priorities. 

    Stop you from borrowing more than you really can afford.

    There’s a difference between what you might get approved for and what you can reasonably afford. A good mortgage broker will help you understand the difference.

    If you’re tempted to take out more than you should, your mortgage broker should help reign you back in.

    Help get your loan approved.

    Your mortgage broker’s primary job is to match you with a lender and loan product to meet your needs. The underwriters will have the final say in whether your loan gets approved.

    If you haven’t had the pleasure, you’ll need to provide the underwriters with documentation about your income, savings, investments, and so much more.

    While it’s ultimately not up to your broker to approve the loan, he can serve as an advocate on your behalf. He can help get the underwriters the information they need to approve your loan. Don’t underestimate the importance of this part of the job.

    Explain the numbers.

    This is especially important for rental property investors. After all, you’re buying a rental property to make money. All mortgage brokers can show you how much that property will cost every month.

    The best brokers will take it a step further and show you how much you can expect to cash flow from that property each month. Then, you can decide if it makes sense to buy a property based on the numbers. 

    Not let you refinance until the time is right.

    It’s tempting to refinance at the first moment rates drop. There are costs involved with refinancing that can oftentimes eat away at any savings from refinancing. A good mortgage broker will stop you from doing so until the moment is right.

    Be patient as you look for a great mortgage broker to work with.

    Take your time finding a good mortgage broker. It’s important to work with someone who does more than just promise the best rates and terms.

    Plus, if you shop around enough, you’ll learn that there’s not much variation in the rates from one provider to the next. Rates are mostly dependent on economic conditions outside the control of mortgage brokers and lenders.

    That’s why your mission is to stay patient and find a mortgage broker that you are comfortable with.

    When my wife and I were first getting started, we were told by a few different people that we had to work with this one particular mortgage broker. He was the best, apparently. His website was full of accolades and awards.

    We decided to give him a shot. We called his office and set up an introductory phone call for later in the week.

    At the scheduled time, he didn’t call. When we emailed him, he apologized and explained something came up with his kids.

    OK, no problem. That’s understandable. We rescheduled.

    At the rescheduled time, he again didn’t call. That was enough of that. We moved on. Maybe he really was great at his job, but he didn’t seem to care too much about us.

    We found a good broker years ago and have never looked back.

    In the end, it all worked out for the best. My wife and I met with a number of brokers before connecting with the guy we still use today. We’ve used him for all our Chicago purchases and multiple refinances.

    As a side note, I firmly believe that when you find someone good for your team, you commit to that person. Commitment leads to trust. And, trust leads to the best outcomes. This is true for anyone you work with, not just mortgage brokers.

    man holding a phone and texting reflecting what a good mortgage broker will do for you.
    Photo by NordWood Themes on Unsplash

    On top of being a mortgage broker, our guy is an experienced rental property investor. If you want to buy a rental property, I recommend you work with someone who also owns rental properties.

    At a minimum, find someone who has ample experience working with investors.

    For instance, with our first purchase in 2018, our broker recommended a conventional loan (at the time called “Home Possible”) that I had never heard of before.

    The loan allowed us to put 5% down, instead of the normal 20%, which meant we could more quickly buy our second property. This one recommendation allowed us to buy two cash-flowing rental properties within 6 months.

    This is just one example of how a good mortgage broker can help accelerate your real estate goals.

    Find a broker for your real estate team who understands your goals.

    Our broker understands exactly what we’re trying to accomplish with each purchase. I can be straight with him and he can be straight with me. It’s refreshing.

    We’ve had in-depth conversations about the numbers on every property we’ve considered. Importantly, he’s prevented us from borrowing more than we can afford. 

    And, whenever the underwriters ask for so many documents that I am about to lose my mind, he steps in to make it all better.

    Same as us, this is exactly what a good mortgage broker will do for you.

    What has your experience with mortgage brokers been like?

    What else do you look for that I didn’t mention above?